On July 31 (KST), Korea and the United States concluded tariff negotiations. Korea agreed to expand investment in the U.S. in exchange for lowered mutual tariffs from the original 25% to 15%. It was also decided that the contentious rice and beef markets would not be further opened.
Tariffs lowered from 25% → 15%, investment and cooperation funds set
On July 30 (local time), the Korean government delegation visited the White House to attend a meeting with President Donald Trump which ended with an agreement on tariff negotiations. The delegation consisted of Koo Yun-cheol (Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economy and Finance), Kim Jung-kwan (Minister of Trade, Industry and Energy), and Yeo Han-koo (Head of Trade Negotiations). Under the negotiations, the U.S. agreed to lower the mutual tariffs on Korean products from 25% to 15%. The 25% tariff rate, originally announced on aApril 2 (local time), was applied to all products produced in Korea and imported into the U.S. As Korea faced higher tariffs than Japan (24%) and the European Union (20%), concerns on competitiveness in the U.S. market were raised. However, with this deal, Korea will now be subject to the same tariff rate as Japan and the EU. Additionally, tariffs on automobiles, one of Korea’s key exports, were also lowered from 25% to 15%. Although tariffs on semiconductors and pharmaceuticals have not yet been finalized, they are expected to be no less favorable than those for other countries. U.S. Secretary of Commerce Howard Lutnick has stated, “Future tariffs anticipated for semiconductors and pharmaceuticals will be set in a way that ensures Korea is not treated unfavorably compared to other countries.”
A total of 350 billion USD for investment and cooperation funds will also be established. Additionally, a USD 200 billion fund will be created for U.S. investments in fields where Korea has competitive strengths, such as semiconductors, nuclear power, rechargeable batteries, and biotechnology. Additionally, the “MASGA” project (“Make American Shipbuilding Great Again”) will launch a USD 150 billion Korea-U.S. shipbuilding cooperation fund. This project includes building new shipyards in the U.S., workforce training, supply chain reconstruction, and “Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO)” services. Deputy Prime Minister Koo has emphasized that the MASGA project was the “greatest contribution” to this agreement, explaining that “it will effectively proceed as a Korean-led project, tailored to the needs of our companies.” He added, “President Donald Trump has also highly praised Korea’s shipbuilding capabilities and requested that shipbuilding in the U.S. move forward as quickly as possible.”
Furthermore, both sides have agreed not to open more agricultural markets. Although the U.S. had requested that Korea open its rice and beef markets, due to food security and sensitivities, Korea has declined additional openings.
Public largely approves, but concerns remain in certain industries
The public’s response to the outcome of the tariff negotiations is mixed. More than six in ten citizens have rated the negotiations positively. According to Realmeter’s survey conducted on August 1, out of 1,016 adults nationwide, 63.9% of the participants said the negotiations were “well handled,” while 32.3% disagreed. Key achievements cited were the tariff reduction and the decision not to open the rice and beef markets. However, concerns remain in the automobile and steel sectors. Before the Trump administration’s tariff increase, Korean cars had been exempt from tariffs under the Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (FTA), whereas Japan and the EU faced a 2.5% tariff. Following the tariff negotiations, Korea, Japan, and the EU are all subject to a 15% tariff, which eliminates Korea’s 2.5% competitive advantage. Initially, Korea’s negotiators argued for a 12.5% rate based on the FTA but were rejected. Additionally, steel tariffs remain at 50%, raising fears of significant impact on the steel industry.
Overall, the negotiations were accomplished abruptly after President Trump announced plans for a 25% mutual tariff. On August 25 (local time), President Lee Jae-myung visited the White House for a Korea-U.S. summit, where economic trade issues were discussed broadly. However, no joint statement was released afterward, suggesting that the detailed agreements were not finalized. The key points of this contention are expected to be announced following future negotiations.
Translated by Yoonseo Huh